Kingdom |
Sub-Kingdom |
Super-Division |
Division |
Class |
PLANTAE The Plantae includes all land plants
Plants with chlorophyll, multi-cellular organisms that produce food
through photosynthesis.
Common name: Plants |
none Plants with spores. Non-vascular: they
cannot transport fluids through their bodies. Instead, they must rely on
surrounding moisture to do this job for them.
Common name: Bryophytes. Mosses |
ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA Plants with porophytes that grow from the
base. Cells contain a single large, platelike chloroplast.
Common name: Hornworts
|
ANTHOCEROTAE Plants with porophytes that grow from the
base. Cells contain a single large, platelike chloroplast.
Common name: Hornworts |
ANTHOCEROTOPSIDA Plants with sporophytes that grow from the
base, and continues to grow throughout it's life. Cells contain a single large, platelike chloroplast.
Common name: Hornworts |
BRYOPHYTA Plants with the female sex organ is the archegonium,
and are multicellular. The outer layer are of sterile celles. A
alternation of generations between morphologically distinct gametophyte
and sporophyte. Thesporophyte is attached to the gametophyte throughout
the development of the sporophyte.
Common name: Mosses |
MUSCI Plants
where the female sex organ is the archegonium. There are two phases in
developing the gametophyte. The spores grows into a filamentous
protonema from which the gametophore develops. It usally grows by the
pyridimal apicel cell. The rhizomes are multicelluar with diagonal
cross-walls. They are notelaters.
Common name: Mosses |
ANDREAEAEOPSIDA Plants which have a different structure
in the protonemata than other mosses (the earliest stage in growth
of a moss from the spore, and in most mosses they grow as a network of
filaments. In the Andreaeopsida, however, the protonemata are thallose,
forming a multicellular flattened layer of embryonic cells). Further
more; the capsules of lantern mosses have no stalk, no cap, and no
teeth. Instead, the capsule is elevated on an extension of the plant to
which it is attached. This gametophytic extension is called a
pseudopodium, or "false foot", and it pushes the capsule upwards so that
spores may be dispersed further. The capsule itself opens by splitting
lengthwise in four or eight slits. The four/eight partitions of the
capsule wall between the slits bow outwards, expanding the slits and
releasing the spores. A short columella ("little column") in the centre
of the capsule keeps the capsule wall from collapsing too far.
Common name: Granite mosses, lantern moss. |
BRYOPSIDA Plants with true
stomata and erect, "leafy" gametophytes; sporophytes elongate by apical
cell division.
Common name: True mosses |
SPAGNOPSIDA Plants with
branches are produced in fascicles or two or more diverging branches and
two or more pendant (hanging) branches. Near the apex of the plant,
these fascicles are compressed together to form a head, or capitulum,
giving the moss a tuft-like appearance. The stems themselves show a
greater degree of internal complexity than most other mosses.
Common name: Peat mosses |
HEPATOPHYTA Plants with which lack stomata; stalk of sporophyte
elongates along its entire length.
Common name: Liverworts
|
HEPATICAE HEPATOPHYTA Plants with which lack stomata; stalk of sporophyte
elongates along its entire length.
Common name: Liverworts |
HEPATOPSIDA Plants which lack stomata; stalk of
sporophyte elongates along its entire length. The gametophytesare
dorsiventrally differentiated, and develop the sex-organs terminally, or
from superficial layers of the dorsal surface of the thallus.
Sporophytes are all alike; strictly limited in their growth.
Common name: Liverworts |
TRACHEOBIONTA Plants with xylem and phloem: a system of
vessels for the transport of water and nutrients.
Common name: Vascular plants |
none Plants with vascularsystem and spores.
Common name:
Fern and allied |
EQUISETOPHYTA Horsetails: Plants reduced megaphylls in
whorls. Hollow and narrow stems with much reduced leaves and side
branches are lacking.. Scouring rushes: Plants with
rough-ridges stems with side branches that are long and narrow.
Common name: Horsetails and scouring rushes
|
EQUISETOPSIDA Plants with leaves that are greatly
reduced, in whorls of small, segments fused into nodal sheaths. The
stems are green and photosynthetic, also distinctive in being hollow,
jointed, and ridged (with (3-) 6-40 ridges).
Common name: Horsetails and scouring rushes |
LYCOPODIOHYTA Plants which possess true vascularized
stems, leaves and roots. The position and microanatomy of the vascular
tissue is characteristic of these forms. The leaves are
microphylls, i.e. enations or reductions of the stem in which the
vascular strand is simple, a trace, a single vein.
Common name: Lycopods, Lower ferns |
LYCOPODIOPSIDA Plants with a significant feature of
lycophytes are microphylls, a kind of leaf which has arisen and evolved
independently from the leaves of other vascular plants. The microphyll
has only a single unbranched strand of vascular tissue, or vein, whereas
megaphylls, found in other plants with leaves, have multiple veins,
usually branching one or more times within the leaf.
Common name: Fern-allies: Quillwort, Club-moss, Spike-moss |
PSILOPHYTA Plants with have no roots
and rearly leaves, but
underground, unicellular rhizome,
and rect stems dichotomize into the main photosynthetic organ. The
sporangia are bornne at the tips of elongated or greatly reduced
branches.
Common name: Whisk Fern |
PSILOPSIDA Plants witch are the only living vascular
plants to lack both roots and leaves.
Common name: Whisk Fern |
PTERIDOPHYTA Plants which
are independant of the gametophyte at mature. They usually have stems,
roots and possessing large,
frond-like leaves that unfold from a "fiddlehead". Are ither
homosporous or heterosporous
Common name: Ferns |
FILICOPSIDA
Plants are differentiated into stem, root and leaf (root can be absent).
If the vascular cylinder is a siphonostele, there are leaf-gaps. The
leaves are macrophyllous, and spirally arranged on the stem. The
sporangia are on the margin or abaxial of the leaf.
Common name: True Ferns |
SPERMATOPHYTA Plants which are heterosporous vascular, and
produce seeds.
Common name: Seed plants |
CONIFEROPHYTA Plants with naked seeds.
Common name: Conifers, gymnosperms, Cone-bearing,
woody seed plants
|
PINOPSIDA
Plants which mostly are evergreen trees with monopodial branching and
pointed leaves, born on short shoots. Flowers in cones, always
unisexual, but may be monoecious or dioecious, and never terminal on the
main branch.
Common name: Conifers |
CYCADOPHYTA Plants witch are palmlike gymnosperms with
large, compound leaves and naked seeds.
Common name: Cycads
|
CYCADOPSIDA Plants with large crown of compound
leaves and a stout trunk. The multiple fruit is fleshy, and the seeds
have a small embrio and an endosperm.
Common name: Cycads |
GINKGOPHYTA Plants witch's seed is surrounded by a fleshy
tissue not derived from an ovary wall and hence not a fruit and still a
naked seed.
Common name: Ginkgo |
GINKGOOPSIDA Plants with seeds having a shell that
consists of a soft and fleshy section (the sarcotesta), and a hard
section (the sclerotesta). Ginkgo differs from all other seed plants
except Cycadales in having a distinct mode of fertilization by motile or
free swimming sperm (wind pollination).
Common name: One living species: Ginkgo, Temple Tree
or Maidenhair Tree |
GNETOPHYTA Plants with have
no resin-ducts, but vessels in the secondary wood. The is a perianth,
and they have naked seeds.
Common name: Vessel-bearing gymnosperms. Mormon tea,other gnetophytes |
WELWITSCHIOPSIDA Plants with woody structure,
decussantephyllotaxis, ephedroid pollen, extendedmicropylartube from the
inner integument of the ovule and two cotyledons.
Common name: One living species: Welwitschia, Tree
tumbo |
EPHEDROPSIDA Plants with
long slender branches which bear tiny scale-like leaves at their nodes.
Common name: Joint Fir, Mormon Tea |
GNETOPSIDA
Plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit.
Common name: Gnetias |
MAGNOLIOPHYTA Plants with flowers.
Common name: Flowers |
LILIOPSIDA Plants with one seed leaf.
Common name: Monocotyledons: orchids, lilies,
irises, palms, grass i.e.. |
MAGNOLIOPSIDA Plants with two seed leaves.
Common name: Dicotyledons: Trees, shrubs, vines, flowers i.e. |